Criminology Board Examination Review Notes 3

July 04, 2018
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1.    “Ballista” is a gigantic bow or catapult which was used to hurl large objects such as stones at a particular distance to deter animals or enemy forces.
A. Catapult
B. Balle
C. Ballein
D. Ballista

2.    Ballistics is the scientific study of the propulsion and motion of projectiles such as bullets, artillery shells, rockets and guided missiles.
A. Propulsion
B. Expulsion
C. Repulsion
D. Extraction




3.    The British engineer Benjamin Robins conducted many experiments in interior ballistics. His findings justly entitle him to be called the
A. father of modern gunnery
B. father of modern ballistics
C. father of interior ballistics
D. father of forensic ballistics

4.    Late in the 18th century the Anglo-American physicist Benjamin Thompson made the first attempt to measure the pressure generated by gunpowder. The account of his experiments was the most important contribution to
A. Exterior ballistics
B. Forensic Ballistics
C. Interior ballistics
D. None of these

5.    Burning Rate - An arbitrary index of the quickness that burning propellant changes into gas. It is the rate controlled by the chemical composition, the size and shape of the propellant grains, and the pressure at which the burning takes place.
A. Gas Power
B. Burning Rate
C. Propulsion Rate
D. Bulk Density



6.    It is the equal and opposite reaction of the gun against the forward movement of the bullet during the explosions.
A.  Residual Pressure
B.  Recoil
C.  Backfire
D.  Misfire

7.    The speed per unit of time of the M16 is 3,300 ft/sec. This refers to:
A. Fire power
B. Velocity
C. Energy
D. All of these

8.    The noise created at the muzzle point of the gun due to the sudden escape of the expanding gas coming in contact with the air in the surrounding atmos­phere at the muzzle point.
A.                     Muzzle Blast
B.                     Muzzle Energy
C.                     Range noise
D.                     Fire power

9.    What is the actual curved path of the bullet during its flight from the gun muzzle to the target?
A.                     Yaw
B.                     Accuracy
C.                     Trajectory
D.                     Velocity

10.  The means that the bullet may lose its speed very rapidly during its flight the air. This is a number that relates to the effect of air drag on the bullet's flight and which can be used to later predict a bullet's trajectory under different circumstances through what are called "drag tables." 
A. Bullet trajectory
B. Critical zone
C. Ballistics Coefficient
D. Down Range

11.  The curve taken by the bullet while in flight is called
A. rifling curves
B. effective range
C. drift
D. maximum distance

12.  Key-hole Shot – the tumbling of the bullet in its flight and hitting the target sideways as a result of not spinning on its axis.
A. Key-hole shot
B. Back shot
C. Mid range trajectory
D. Point Blank

13.  The power of the bullet that results in the instantaneous death of the victim is called
A. Zero power
B. Power ranger
C. Shocking power
D. Power range

14.  What do you call the depth of entry of the bullet in the target?
A. Terminal Velocity
B. Terminal Penetration
C. Terminal Ballistics
D. Terminal Power

15.  Shotgun pellets made from lead especially hardened by the addition of a slight amount of antimony. This refers to
A. Shot Gun
B. Chilled Shot
C. Shot ballistics
D. All of these

16.  This is caused by the flame or hot gases not by the hot projectiles as is commonly believed.  It is also known as burning or charring.
A. Blackening
B. Tattooing
C. Scorching
D. Pink coloration

17.  It is the clogging of the blood vessel by foreign bodies such as air or bits of fats or septic embolus causing blocking to the blood flow to the distal tissues supplied by the blood.
A. Embolism
B. Bleeding
C. Hemorrhage
D. Infection

18.  Among the following, which is a long smooth bored firearm that is designed to prepare a single shot?
A. Shotgun
B. Musket
C. Carbine
D. Caliber

19.  One from Hartford, Connecticut, who produced the first practical revolver and became famous for its .45 caliber.
A. Samuel Colt
B. Carl Walther
C. Oliver Winchester
D. John C. Garand

20.  Historians considered that the age of gunpowder began with its first use as a propellant for a projectile on
    1. 1313
    2. 1413
    3. 1280
    4. 1350

21.  That part of the handgun designed in a metal tube through which the bullet is fired.
A.  Grip
B.  Frame
C.  Barrel
D.  Rifling

22.  The main advantage of the double-action revolver over the single-action revolver is that
A.  it can be fired rapidly
B.  it can be fired single shot
C.  there is no recoil
D.  better fire power

23.  An automatic weapon that can fire from 400 to 1,600 rounds of ammunition each minute.
A.  Armalite
B.  Uzi
C.  Machine gun
D.  Glock

24.  Technically speaking, the term ammunition refers to
A.  a group of cartridges or to a single unit or single cartridge
B.  a complete unfired unit consisting of a bullet, cartridge, case, gunpowder and primer
C.  a “single round”
D.  all of these

25.  It includes rocket launchers and such mounted guns as howitzers, mortars, antiaircraft guns, and naval guns.
A.  Gunnery
B.  Artillery
C.  Musketry
D.  Ballistics

26.  It is the soft guiding metal which serves as the container of priming mixture, paper disc and anvil.
A.  Primer cup
B.  Primer mixture
C.  Paper disc
D.  Battery cup


27.  Proof Marks – It is the examination and testing of firearms by a recognized authority according to certain rules and stamped with a mark to indicate that they are safe for sale and used by the public.
A.  Provisional Proof
B.  Proof Marks
C.  Skid Marks
D.  Slippage Marks

28.  Skid Marks – When the bullet first starts forward without turning, that before the bullet can begin to turn, it moves forward a small distance and this makes the front of the groove in the bullet wider than the rear part which leave an impression called
A.  Provisional Proof
B.  Proof Marks
C.  Skid Marks
D.  Slippage Marks

29.  A mechanism in a revolver that connects pivot between the frame and cylinder.
A.  trigger spring
B.  trigger guard
C.  yoke
D.  anvil

30.  A photograph of the crime scene is a factual reproduction and accurate record of the crime scene because it captures time, space and ___
    1. person
    2. event
    3. thing
    4. crime scene

31.  In police photography it can be use as demonstration enlargements, individual photos, projection slides, motion pictures during
    1. Court prceedings
    2. Court exhibits
    3. Educational tour
    4. Crime prevention

32.  In photography, the light writes when it strikes minute crystals of light sensitive surfaces (films and photographic papers) thru the use of a mechanical device called
    1. Camera
    2. Photograph device
    3. Film and accessories
    4. Flashlight



33.  ___ is a mechanical result of photography. 
    1. Camera
    2. Picture
    3. Photograph
    4. Film

34.  The bending of light around an object gives rise to the phenomenon called ___. This phenomenon is responsible for the partial illumination of object parts not directly in the path of the light.
    1. detraction
    2. retraction
    3. diffraction
    4. defragmentation

35.  What is the approximate wavelength of the primary color red?
    1. 700 mu
    2. 450 mu
    3. 550 mu
    4. 590 mu

36.  In photography, which one is not a primary color?
    1. All of these
    2. Cyan
    3. Magenta
    4. Yellow

37.  ___Absorption refers to the taking in of light by the material. Following the law of conservation of energy, such light taken in is not lost but merely transformed into heat.
    1. Diffraction
    2. Somnambulism
    3. Absorption
    4. Convection

38.  These are TRANSPARENT OBJECTS – mediums that merely slow down the speed of light but allow to pass freely in other respects, transmit 90% or more of the incident light.
    1. Translucent objects
    2. Opaque objects
    3. Transparent objects
    4. None of these

39.  The simplest camera is a ___, which consists of a box with a small hole in one of its sides.
    1. Camera obscura
    2. Fixed focus camera
    3. Pinhole camera
    4. Nikkon camera


40.  What changes the size of the aperture of the lens and regulates the amount of light reaching the film?
    1. diaphragm
    2. shutter
    3. lens
    4. film

41.  What part of the camera controls the opening and closing of the shutter, regulates the quantity of light that reaches and affects the sensitized material, a dial which sets the length of time in which the light is allowed to enter the camera?
    1. Shutter speed
    2. Focusing mechanism
    3. Shutter release button
    4. Shutter speed dial

42.  The lens is as important a part of a camera as the body. Lenses are referred to in generic terms as wide-angle, normal, and telephoto. The three terms refer to the focal length of the lens, which is customarily measured in ____
    1. Millimeters
    2. Inches
    3. Centimeters
    4. Mile per second

43.  What kind of lens causes light rays to converge, or come together, and is called a positive lens. A positive lens focuses light form a distant source into visible image that appears on then opposite side of the lens to the object.
    1. Concave
    2. Convex
    3. Reflex
    4. converge

44.  ___ is the process of changing the distance between the centers of the lens to the focal plane. It is the technique of adjusting the focal length to get the sharp image of the object or scene to be photographed.
    1. Infinity
    2. Lens change
    3. Focusing
    4. Shutting

45.  It is important to have the lens at the right distance from the film otherwise the image of an object point will be seen as a circle which is
    1. clear in appearance
    2. blurred in appearance
    3. no photo
    4. all of these

46.   What part of the film consists of silver compounds which are light sensitive and halogens?
    1. Top layer
    2. Emulsion layer
    3. Film base
    4. Film surface

47.  It is defined as the product of illumination and time. The unit of it is usually in meter candle second which is equivalent to exposure produced by a light source of one candlepower, in the second at a distance of one meter from the surface of the sensitive material.
    1. Photographic exposure
    2. None of these
    3. Photographic speed
    4. Light

48.  These are used to control the relative tone values in which colors are rendered by the photographic process, to lighten or darkened particular colors or to obtain color separation records for color photography works.
    1. Viewing Filter
    2. Color Filter
    3. Filtering
    4. None of these

49.  Because of the fact that all negative do not print best on one kind of paper, and in order to permit printing for special effects, photographic papers is made in several different grades of contrast and surface texture. What is the paper made by Kodak that offers six degrees of contrast and glossy surface?
    1. Glossy paper
    2. Manila paper
    3. Velox paper
    4. Bond paper

50.  One that is executed in accordance with the Code of Commerce or any Mercantile Law, containing disposition of commercial rights or obligations.
    1. Commercial document
    2. Holographic wills
    3. Notarial wills
    4. Private document







51.  The  term  "insertion"  and "interlineations"  include the addition of writing and  other material  between  lines or paragraphs or  the  addition  of whole page to a document.
    1. Insertion or interlineations
    2. Integration
    3. Obliteration
    4. None of these

52.  In questioned document examination, what is an “OFF-HAND OPINION”?
    1. A conclusion that is not based on scientific examination
    2. A mere speculation of facts contained in the document
    3. A scientific findings as to the content of document
    4. All of these

53.  It is a kind of handwriting that is characterized by being connected in which one letter is joined to the next.
    1. Script
    2. Block
    3. Vigorous
    4. Cursive

54.  A writer may deliberately try to alter his usual writing habits in hopes of hiding his identity. The results, regardless of their effectiveness are termed as ___.
    1. Down stroke
    2. Gestalt
    3. Disguised writing
    4. Graphology

55.  The place where the writer grasps the barrel of the pen and the angle at which he holds it is called
    1. Pen lift
    2. Pen hold
    3. Print script
    4. Pren pressure

56.  The element of the writing movement which is marked by regular or periodic recurrences. It may be classed as smooth, intermittent, or jerky in its quality.
    1. Shading
    2. Simplification
    3. Slope slant
    4. Rhythm







57.  What do we call the series of lines or curves written in a single letter; one of the lines of an alphabet or series of lines or curves within a single letter; the path traced by the pen on the paper?
    1. Pen lift
    2. Slope
    3. Delta
    4. Stroke

58.  One is not a type of handwriting "Standards"
    1. Collected Standards
    2. Requested standards
    3. Post litem motan exemplars
    4. All of these

59.   The act/process of making the content/s of a document not the intended content.
    1. falsification
    2. counterfeiting
    3. forgery
    4. erasure

60.  The study of handwriting to determine one's personality traits is called
    1. handwriting analysis
    2. graphology
    3. dactyloscopy
    4. fecalysis

61.  Who studied fear and its influence on the hearth and his observations subsequently formed the basis for the technique in the development of the sphygmamomanometer and the scientific cradle, which he used in studying fear on the heart?
    1. Cesare Lombroso
    2. Angelo Mosso
    3. William Marston
    4. John Larson

62.  Who employed the first scientific instrument to detect deception? This instrument known as hydrosphygmograph, measured changes in pulse and blood pressure when suspects were questioned about their involvement in or knowledge of a specific response.
    1. Cesare Lombroso
    2. Angelo Mosso
    3. William Marston
    4. John Larson



63.  It is a scientific diagnostic instrument used to record physiological changes in the blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration and skin resistance of an examinee under controlled condition.
    1. Lie detection
    2. Polygraph
    3. Polygraph examination
    4. Truth serum

64.  Any untruthful statement; falsehood; anything that deceives or creates false impression.
    1. Joke
    2. Story
    3. Telling
    4. Lie

65.  “Hindu book of health and science” which is considered as the earliest known reference of the methods for detecting deception.
    1. Hindu Yoga
    2. Ayur-Veda
    3. Arya abram
    4. Midos Yagu

66.  The science and art of improving human breeds by so applying the ascertained principles of genetics and inheritance as to secure a desirable combination of physical characteristics and mental traits in the offspring of suitably mated parents?
    1. Genetics
    2. Eugenics
    3. Metabolism
    4. Psycho Synthesis

67.  In polygraph examination, the whole chart when finished is called
    1. result
    2. polygram
    3. analysis
    4. diagnostic

68.  The major component of the polygraph machine are, except
    1. PNEUMOGRAPH
    2. CARDIO-SPHYMOGRAPH
    3. GALVANOGRAPH
    4. KYMOGRAPH
    5. PEN AND INKING SYSTEM







69.  “Did you shoot Mr X?” is an example of __ in polygraph examination.
    1. Control question
    2. Relevant question
    3. Irrelevant question
    4. Evidence connecting question

70.  Which of the following questions made in a polygraph examination maybe considered an irrelevant question?
    1. Have you ever been called by the name Allan?
    2. Is today Monday?
    3. Are you over 20 years of age?
    4. All of the above

71.  This test is applied when the response to relevant and control questions are similar in degree and in consistency and in a way that the examiner cannot determine whether the subject is telling the truth or not.
    1. Silent answer test
    2. Peak of tension test
    3. Guilt complex test
    4. General question test

72.  To facilitate evaluation and interpretation of test charts, markings are made with the use of signs and symbols. Which of the following examples of chart markings should be the first marking of the examiner in the chart?
    1. X / 60 / 1.5 A
    2. XX / 60 / 1.5 A
    3. X                    
    4. XX

73.  A principle involved in fingerprinting which states that there are no two fingerprints that are exactly alike unless taken from the same finger.
    1. Permanency
    2. Individuality
    3. Infallability
    4. Generality

74.  The biggest percentage of fingerprint pattern is
    1. Arches
    2. Loops
    3. Whorls
    4. Accidentals






75.  It symbolized by letter X in the fingerprint classification.
    1. Ulnar Loop
    2. Plain arch
    3. Accidental whorl
    4. Tented arch

76.  The reason why fountain pen ink, colored ink and stamp pad are objectionable are, except
    1. They are too thin
    2. They dry too quickly
    3. The stamp pad smears easily
    4. Satisfactory for comparison purposes

77.  These are fingerprints which are imprinted by mere chance or without any intention to produce the print. 
    1. Chance print
    2. Chance impression
    3. Visible print
    4. Latent print

78.   If a finger appears to be amputated (cut off) just place the symbol or simple abbreviation as __ and the date of amputation on the box of the finger actually amputated.
    1. AMP
    2. AMPT
    3. APT
    4. AMPUT

79.  Which has been known as the circulating tissue of the body?
    1. brain
    2. skin
    3. Mucus membrane
    4. None of these

80.  The yellowish fluid of blood in which numerous blood corpuscles is called
    1. Serum
    2. Plasma
    3. Red cells
    4. Cloth

81.  What test is used to determine whether blood is a human or non-human origin?
    1. Marquis test
    2. Precipitin test
    3. Baberios test
    4. Levine test



82.  ____ is a specialized epithelial outgrowth of the skin which occur everywhere on the human body except on the palm of the hands and the sole of the feet.
    1. nails
    2. skin
    3. hair
    4. pores

83.  What kind of fluid is used to restore tampered serial numbers?
    1. Etching fluid
    2. STP fluid
    3. Motolite fluid
    4. Gun serial fluid

84.  As regards the relation of the site of the application of force and location of injury, the injury found at site of the application of force is called
A. Coup injury
B. Contre injury
C. Coup contre coup injury
D. Locus minoris resistancia

85.  Wound characterized by products of forcible contact are called
A.                                          Abrasion
B.                                          Multiple wound
C.                                          Mutilation
D.                                          Punctured

86.  All forms of violent death which results primarily from the interference with the process of respiration or to condition in which the supply of oxygen to the blood or tissue or both has been reduced below normal level are called
    1. Death by asphyxia
    2. Death by mutilation
    3. Death by injection
    4. Death by violence

87.  It is defined as a remedy or process by which a child born out of lawful wedlock and are therefore considered illegitimate are by fiction of law considered by subsequent valid marriage of the parents.
    1. Adoption
    2. Legitimation
    3. Foster parenting
    4. Naturalization





88.  The introduction of seminal fluid with spermatozoa in the generative of a woman by any means of springe, pipette, irrigator, etc is called
    1. penetration
    2. insertion
    3. insemination
    4. fingering

89.  The physical incapacity of either sex to allow or grant to the other legitimate sexual gratification.
    1. Sterility
    2. Impotency
    3. Frigidity
    4. Erectile failure

90.  In England, he was a buckle maker then a brothel operator; a master criminal who became London’s most effective criminal investigator. He was the most famous THIEF-CATCHER in 1720s.
    1. Alexander Mocanochie
    2. Jonathan Wild
    3. Billy Cook
    4. John Howard

91.  He was known to be the creator of the “bow street runners”, a group of police officers attached to the Bow Street Court, and not in uniform, performing criminal investigative functions.
    1. Henry Fielding
    2. John Fielding
    3. John Howard
    4. Robert Peel

92.  The founder and chief organizer of the London Metropolitan Police – the Scotland Yard, which became famous police organization in the world.
    1. Henry Fielding
    2. John Fielding
    3. John Howard
    4. Robert Peel

93.  America’s most famous private investigator and founder of Criminal Investigation
    1. Alec Nayhem
    2. Allan Pinkerton
    3. Thomas Byrnes
    4. None of these

94.  The first woman detective in the history of criminal investigation.
    1. Kathleen Jacob
    2. Candy Miles
    3. Kate Wayne
    4. Pines Hamilton

95.  A French Police Clerk who introduced and established the first systematic identification system based on anthropmetrical Signalment and became the founder of criminal identification.
    1. Fox Talbot
    2. Thomas Byrnes
    3. Alphonse Bertillon
    4. Francis Galton

96.  An Englishman who published his study on classifying fingerprints. While other scientists were studying fingerprints in their biological nature, he recognized their uniqueness and significance in criminal identification.
    1. Arthur Conan Lyle
    2. Thomas Byrnes
    3. Alphonse Bertillon
    4. Francis Galton

97.  An Englishman who published a handbook for Examining Magistrates in Munich, Germany and advocated the use of scientific methods in criminal investigation process.
    1. Hans Gross
    2. Thomas Byrnes
    3. Alphonse Bertillon
    4. Francis Galton

98.  The SC ruled the illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible in state criminal prosecutions in the famous case of
    1. Miranda vs Arizona
    2. Otit vs Jeff
    3. Mapp vs Ohio
    4. Milkey vs Wett

99.  As a rule, do not touch, alter or remove anything at the crime scene until the evidence has been processed through notes, sketches and photographs, with proper measurements. This refers to
A. the golden rule in investigation
B. the number one SOP in investigation
C. the act of note taking
D. the act of crime scene preservation

100. The continues accountability of persons handling evidences, and having responsibility of taking care and preserving the evidences from the time it was found until brought to court for presentation is called
    1. Chain of events
    2. Key events
    3. Chain of custody of evidence
    4. Chain of command


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