Economics – Unemployment and Welfare
Ford and Mazda Acquisition - Synergy of Acquisition
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| Ford and Mazda Acquisition - Synergy of Acquisition |
Case Study for Saudi Arabian Airlines Management System Improvement for Effective Performance With SWOT Analysis for Saudi Arabian Airlines
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| Case Study for Saudi Arabian Airlines Management System Improvement for Effective Performance With SWOT Analysis for Saudi Arabian Airlines |
Top 5 Richest Religion or Church Groups In The World
Religion will not survive without money. Giving is present in all groups. With the number of religions and denominations around the world, what's the biggest church?
Top 5. Church of Scientology. The first Scientology Church was first established in December 1953 by L. Ron Hubbard in Camden, New Jersey. The Church of Scientology International handles all Scientology churches and other entities devoted to the practice of the religious movement.
Top 5. Church of Scientology. The first Scientology Church was first established in December 1953 by L. Ron Hubbard in Camden, New Jersey. The Church of Scientology International handles all Scientology churches and other entities devoted to the practice of the religious movement.
Insomnia Coffee: Strategic Management Assignment
I. Introduction
Insomnia Coffee Company is an independent coffee chain from Dublin, Ireland. At the moment, the company has over 150 stores and over 350 self-service units in the Ireland and UK market (Insomnia, 2018). From its single location in Galway bookstore in 1997, Insomnia Coffee has tremendously grown and has merged with Bendini & Shaw to complement beverages sold by the company. It was April 2012 when the company opened for its street franchise with the opening of 15 franchise stores in five years. Partnership with Debenhams in 2015 led to the opening of the coffee store in the United Kingdom as well as in Ireland. Over the years, Insomnia has expanded and added new products and services into its portfolio.
This assignment is going to discuss the external environment of Germany being the target market for the expansion of the company. It is also necessary to look at the competitive situation of Germany to understand how these factors are going to affect the strategic positioning of the company as it enters the new market. Furthermore, it is also necessary to look at the strategic capabilities of the company to ensure they are able to use the same in formulating the right competitive strategy that should be implemented.
II. General External Environment
It is necessary to look at how these variables could drive success or failure of the organization.
Political. After the chaos of World War II, Germany has been a democratic republic with the reorganization and restructuring of West and East Germany. The constitution remains the foundation for the value and action of the country. Germany is part of the larger European Union with its Chancellor leading the bloc (Tomlinson et al., 2018). With the Brexit, Germany is the sole most powerful country in the European Union with the capability to sway decisions of the bloc. The political stability of Germany has provided a stronger hold on the EU as they try to work out a plan that will strengthen the bloc as well as all member states including Germany.
Economic. The economy of Germany is relatively the largest economy in Europe and the fourth largest GDP in the world. As an economic powerhouse of Europe, Germany has attracted larger investments from various multinational companies around the world (Sassen, 2011). It is also necessary to note that with the strength of Germany’s economy, it is also an important trading and economic hub of EU. Germany has low raw materials which attracted investment. The service sector of the country has the largest part of the country's GDP. Popular brands of automobile also come from Germany.
Socio-Cultural. With more than 80 million residents, Germany is largest in population of the EU bloc. Economic growth of the country has made its modern and multicultural (Rommel). At the top of the socio-cultural diversity is the importance of the family. This means that most Germans value their family and their heritage. Young people foster good relationships with their families. With the growth of the country and the frequent hosting of international events such as Formula One, Germany’s society resembles more of the modernized cities around the world. Socio-cultural appreciation of coffee among citizens is a major boon for coffee and other service companies in the country.
Technology. As already noted, Germany is a major importer of automobile such as BMW as well as energy supplies (Altenburg et al., 2015). The country is highly innovative and is focused on science and technology with several research and development or independent laboratories in the country. Priorities of technology are being followed up and aligned by the Ministry of Science and Technology. The research and development spending of most companies in Germany has consistently grown over the years with the focus on improving technology and make sure that the country is at par with the research and innovation of other countries.
Figure 1 R&D of Companies in Germany
Environment. Environment is very important for Germany. Like all other industrialized and highly developed nations, pollution is a major problem for Germany, but they are able to control the issue. The country has increased efficiency in using raw materials as well as the increase of using renewable energy to ensure they are able to use cleaner technology to keep the pollution at bay. Germany is leading the European Union in terms of protecting the environment from further degradation (Pacesila et al., 2016).
Legal. Germany has increased legal frameworks against terrorism. There are several issues on the abuses of the government against minority groups. While the legal framework of the country has remained democratic, there are new safeguards being made against migration. It is important for the country to keep up with the legal frameworks that are able to maintain the stability of the country.
III. Competitive Environment
In order to understand the competitive environment of Germany, it is important to use Porter’s Five Forces of Competitive Advantage. The summary of the competitive environment is shown below:
Figure 2 Porter's Five Forces of Competitive Advantage
Threat of new entrants. Establishing a coffee shop does not need massive capitalization. This results to the moderate impact of entry of new players in the market. With the entry of Insomnia in Germany, the company needs to consider establishing the brand fast and better as new players may enter the market. However, it is necessary to note that while there is low capitalization or investment for the establishment of coffee shops in Germany or any given country, there is a high level of patronage among market consumers. This means that brand name is important for them.
Threat of substitutes. There are number of products that could be used as substitute for coffee. They can be juices, tea, alcoholic drinks or other non-alcoholic drinks that come in various tastes and brands in the market (Anese, 2015). On the other hand, there are also pubs and restaurants that could be directly engaged with the customer market of Insomnia Coffee. With the rise of homemade products and organic or healthy living, consumers may also opt to make their own drinks. In essence, there are several substitutes that could take over what Insomnia Coffee is selling. However, it is important to consider that with the increase of quality and ambiance that the coffee shop can give, this one is hard to substitute with any other.
Bargaining power of buyers. Consumers of Insomnia Coffee does not have a high bargaining power. The bargaining power of buyers can be tagged within low to moderate. The individual purchase of consumers do not really have a strong influence on how the business works. In the same manner, it is also hard to solidify the bargaining power of buyers as the market is diverse and greatly segmented. It is also important to note that customers of Insomnia Coffee are grealty sensitive to quality and they are willing to pay premium for the same. However, Insomnia Coffee still needs to consider the pricing strategy to ensure they are not alienating the market or pushing them toward switch with other brands in the market such as Starbucks.
Bargaining power of suppliers. The bargaining power of suppliers is also within low to moderate level. To be able to make sure they are able to compete in the market, Insomnia Coffee uses diversity in its suppliers. This means that the organization maintains strong relationship with several suppliers and coffee farmers to ensure they are able to keep the supply chain checked. Insomnia Coffee directly engages with coffee farmers and not just manufacturers and intermediaries. They want to make sure that the best quality coffee beans are served in its shops. But this does not mean that suppliers of the company has no control over what they want to do with their produces. As a result, they still wield moderate influence over the strategy of the company.
Competitive rivalry. There is intense rivalry in the market. With the entry of barriers being low to moderate, the competition is extremely high as companies need to make sure they are able to keep their customer base. Starbucks remains as one of the toughest rival in the market being synonymous to quality beans and relaxation (Beebe & Hemphill, 2017). There are other premium coffee shops in the region that can also take much of the market share Insomnia Coffee wants to gain. However, there are also new competitions coming from restaurants or fast food chains. McCafe of McDonalds and coffee of other stores are gaining traction with the market. With the growth of the market, it is very important to consider how the brand is going to keep up with the rivalry.
IV. Internal Analysis: Strategic Capabilities
The strategic position of Insomnia is reinforced by its resources. The resource audit focuses on physical, financial, human, and intangible resources that could be used by the organization.
Physical. At the moment, there are 150 coffee stores and 350 self-service units within the umbrella of Insomnia Coffee. While some of these physical resources are franchised, these resources are used by the brand to engage with customers and to market its services and products. With the entry of Insomnia in Germany, they need to set up physical stores and self-service units throughout the market.
Financial. For 2016, Insomnia Coffee had a profit of €1.93 million (Irish Examiner, 2016). With the capitalization of the company, it has the resources to expand to other locations and markets. The financial resources of the company is an important aspect for its strategic direction and position in the market especially with the fast changing environment they are in.
Human Resources. For Insomnia Coffee, quality is an important aspect of its service. Human assets of the company are very important for its growth. They are well-trained and experienced in serving products of the company. The workforce follows a culture of honesty and friendliness to the customers as the primary focus of the organization (Valmohammadi & Roshanzamir, 2015).
Intangible Resources. Insomnia Coffee has reached its popularity as a high-street quality coffee in the market. This is an important resource that could be used by the brand as it expands to other locations as well as in attracting new franchisees. Being tagged as a quality coffee brand is a unique resource that could be used by Insomnia Coffee in its strategic direction.
Aside from these resources which could be used by Insomnia to capture the market, there are also core competencies to be included in the formulation of the organization’s strategy.
Quality Coffee Products. Insomnia Coffee banks on its reputation of having quality coffee products in the market. This is an important competency associated with the brand which can be used in developing the image as well as the branding. Insomnia communicates with its suppliers to ensure they are able to provide quality coffee products. As already noted, human resources are trained properly for them to know how to serve the coffee at is best with the behavioural training focused on how they should communicate with consumers.
Accessible Locations. Insomnia Coffee locations are in major streets. They are accessible and can be easily seen by the public. Insomnia’s engagement depends on its accessibility to the public. The franchising approach in growing the number of branches is important core competency for the organization. With the growth of its branches, they are able to get closer with the customer.
Affordable Prices. Prices of Insomnia Coffee products are affordable. While the brand is serving quality products, they are keeping the affordability of coffee products to ensure they can serve the population at large. Insomnia wants to remain affordable even with the increased quality it aims to reach. This commitment to affordability and quality is based on the philosophy and core values of the organization.
V. Basis of Competitive Strategy
The plan of Insomnia Coffee to enter the German market plays an important part of the company’s strategic direction. The right competitive strategy can help the company to keep its sustainable growth as well as meet its objectives. In this regard, the Bowman’s Strategy Clock is used to discuss the possible alternatives that could be chosen.
Figure 3 Bowman's Strategy Clock
In entering the German market, there are two possible options or strategies that are reasonable to follow. First, the focused differentiation will position Insomnia at the highest stratum of the market (Brown, 2017). This means that the pricing strategy will be at its highest with the perceived value at its highest as well. In this regard, the strategy deems that the value of Insomnia is highest in the market. This banks on the brand image of the organization. However, if the market does not perceive Insomnia Coffee as having the highest perceived value in the market, this strategy will fail.
Second, the differentiation strategy is a level below focused differentiation. Like focused differentiation which banks on the reputation and brand image of the organization, differentiation is anchored on the highest perceived value added to the brand image (Barin et al., 2015). Product quality is very important in differentiation as it will be the core of the branding strategy. Insomnia Coffee is perceived as a high-quality coffee street brand, thereby it can use the differentiation strategy as its market entry approach.
With this, the differentiation strategy is the best way to go for the brand. Strong brand awareness is used by Insomnia Coffee using its stores. With the quality service provided by Insomnia, each branch becomes a brand marketing platform. As a result, there is a strong brand awareness among consumers as they can easily associate the brand with quality coffee products (Datta et al., 2017). While the brand is new in the Germany market, the experience of the brand in Ireland and in the United Kingdom becomes the foundation for the strong brand awareness being developed.
Furthermore, with the franchising approach of the business to grow its network allows the positioning of the brand in major cities. Strong brand awareness in major cities of Germany is a must. This will establish the brand in the new market target. While the experience in Ireland and the United Kingdom creates association to the brand, it is also necessary for the brand to reinforce the same with the experience that customers can have in the first branches of the coffee brand in Germany.
Aside from this one, it is also important to note that with the brand image, differentiation is also anchored on loyalty of the market. While Germany is a new market, the loyalty of customers in the United Kingdom and Ireland plays a crucial role in the brand awareness. The loyalty of customers can help bring in awareness through feedback and reviews that could be provided by the customers. The good thing about differentiation is that when customers are able to experience the quality service and products of Insomnia, they will be loyal to the brand.
VI. Conclusion and Recommendations
The right strategy to be used in entering a new market for Insomnia Coffee is differentiation. With the brand image on quality and the human resources of the company as part of its core competencies, the differentiation strategy will take advantage of the quality reputation of the brand as well as the ability of the human asset to provide the expected service. Brand loyalty is core to the strategy of Insomnia as they aim to communicate their service to the market and develop associations for the purpose of generating loyalty.
While Insomnia Coffee has a strong capitalization and investment with the profit of more than 1 million euro, the approach of expansion using franchising is advantageous for the brand. It would be financially bad for Insomnia to establish its branches throughout Germany. But with the franchising approach, they will be able to create awareness about the brand and easily reach its customers throughout the country without the need to spend more out of the company’s capitalization. More than this, with franchising, Insomnia Coffee will be able to create a strong network wherein loyalty can be made.
The choice of Germany as the new market that should be entered by Insomnia Coffee is the best. First, this is anchored on the reality that Germany is within the European Union, and even its leader as noted. This eases the manner of entering the new market for the brand. The economic bloc shares almost the same framework with each other. Even with the Brexit, EU still has a strong market. Growth of Germany as the largest economy of EU is a good economic environment for any business especially with the increasing service sector contribution to the GDP of the country. Second, with the strength of Insomnia Coffee in Ireland and the United Kingdom, they have the same culture. This alignment means that the taste and demand of British and Irish could have similarity with those who live in Germany. Insomnia Coffee does not need to adjust or tweak its services and even culture as it will simply align with the new market.
Third, with the entry of Insomnia Coffee to Germany, they will be able to take advantage of movement of people throughout EU. It will be an additional way for the brand to easily capture the new market. Those who live in the United Kingdom and may transfer or travel to Germany will opt for the Insomnia Coffee service and products. As a result, they can introduce the same to their co-workmates and friends. Sharing of the regional economy increases integration and thereby creating a large market that moves over time.
References
Altenburg, T., Schamp, E. W., & Chaudhary, A. (2015). The emergence of electromobility: Comparing technological pathways in France, Germany, China and India. Science and Public Policy, 43(4), 464-475.
Anese, M. (2015). Acrylamide in Coffee and Coffee Substitutes. Acrylamide in Food: Analysis, Content and Potential Health Effects, 181.
Barin Cruz, L., Boehe, D. M., & Ogasavara, M. H. (2015). CSR-based differentiation strategy of export firms from developing countries: An exploratory study of the strategy tripod. Business & Society, 54(6), 723-762.
Beebe, B., & Hemphill, C. S. (2017). The Scope of Strong Marks: Should Trademark Law Protect the Strong More than the Weak. NYUL Rev., 92, 1339.
Brown, D. P. (2017). Differentiation by design: how new product design creates value and competitive advantage in small manufacturing entities (SMEs) (Doctoral dissertation, Coventry University).
Datta, H., Ailawadi, K. L., & van Heerde, H. J. (2017). How well does consumer-based brand equity align with sales-based brand equity and marketing-mix response?. Journal of Marketing, 81(3), 1-20.
Insomnia. (2018). About Us. Retrieved from www.insomnia.com
Irish Examiner. (2016). Insomnia coffee business wakes up to €1.9m profit. Retrieved from https://www.irishexaminer.com/business/insomnia-coffee-business-wakes-up-to-19m-profit-431319.html
Pacesila, M., Burcea, S. G., & Colesca, S. E. (2016). Analysis of renewable energies in European Union. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 56, 156-170.
Rommel, A., Varnaccia, G., Lahmann, N., Kottner, J., & Kroll, L. E. (2016). Occupational Injuries in Germany: population-wide national survey data emphasize the importance of work-related factors. PloS one, 11(2), e0148798.
Sassen, S. (2011). Cities in a world economy. Sage Publications.
TOMLINSON, S., MARCHAND, T. M., TRIGGS, G., & HAWKINS, J. (2018). THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CLIMATE-RELATED FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE CASE STUDIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, GERMANY, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND BRAZIL.
Valmohammadi, C., & Roshanzamir, S. (2015). The guidelines of improvement: Relations among organizational culture, TQM and performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 164, 167-178.
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS REVIEWER: CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PART I
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PART I
1. Dr. Escoto, the school physician
conducted a physical examination in Ms. Manuel's class. What concept best
describes the quantitative increase observed by Dr. Escoto among learners in
terms of height and weight?
a. Development
b. Growth
c. Learning
d. Maturation
a. Development
b. Growth
c. Learning
d. Maturation
2. Which situation best illustrates the concept of growth?
a. A kinder pupil gains 2 pounds within two months.
b. A high school student gets a score of 85 in mental ability test.
c. An education student has gained knowledge on approaches and strategies in teaching different subjects
d. An elementary grader has learned to play piano.
3. Which statements below best describes development?
a. A high school student's height increased by 5'2" to 5'4"
b. A high school student's change in weight from 110 lbs. to 125 lbs.
c. A student had learned to operate the computer
d. A student's enlargement of hips
4. What concept can best describes Francisco's ability to walk without a support at age of 12 months because of the "internal ripening" that occured in his muscles, bones and nervous system development?
a. Development
b. Growth
c. Learning
d. Maturation
5. Teacher Jesus in now 69 years old has been observing changes in himself such as the aging process. Which term refers to the development change in the individual?
a. Development
b. Growth
c. Learning
d. Maturation
6. Manuel, a five-year old boy can hold his pen and write his name with his right hand. Which term describes Manuel's action/ behavior?
a. Development
b. Growth
c. Learning
d. Maturation
7. Which of the following theory can help Miss Samson determine the readiness of her learners by administering a readiness test?
a. Conditioning Theories
b. Cognitive Development Theory
c. Maturation Theory
d. Ethological Theory
8. Mr. Francisco was very much
worried about the thumb sucking of his son. A friend of him says that certain
behavior among infants. Who presented that notion that certain behavior like
thumb-sucking is normal behavior?
A. Sigmund Freud
b. Erick Ericson
c. John Bowlly
d. Urie Bronfrenbenner
9. A newborn infant move his whole body at one time, instead of moving a part of it. Which of the following principles is illustrated by his behavior?
a. Development proceeds from specific to general.
b. Development proceeds from general to specific.
c. Development follows an orderly pattern.
d. Development follows a general pattern.
10. Train up a child in the way he should be; when he grows up, he will not depart from it. Which principle supports this?
a. Development is determined by his heredity
b. Development is determined by the environment
c. Early development is more critical than the late development
d. Early development is less critical than late development.
11. Which state of the psycho-sexual theory does young boys experience rivalry with their father for their mother's attention and affection?
a. Oral
b. Anal
c. Phallic
d. Latency
12. Angela focuses her attention on the school work and vigorous play that consume most of her physical energy. Which stage of psychosexual theory illustrates her behavior?
a. Oral
b. Anal
c. Phallic
d. Latency
13. Which of the following is likely to be developed if infants are shown genuine affection?
a. Trust
b. Autonomy
c. Initiative
d. Industry
14. Christian develops an integral and coherent sense of self. He seeks answers to the question. "Who am I"? Which of the following is Christian likely to develop?
a. Initiative
b. Identity and Role Confusion
c. Intimacy
d. Autonomy
15. Ms. Reyes uses images and language to represent and understand her various lessons to preschool learners. What stage in the cognitive theory of development explains this?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete operation
d. Formal operation
16. Connie develops concepts necessary for everyday living, builds healthy attitudes towards oneself, and achieve personal independence. These are among the attributes of an individual in what particular stage?
a. Infancy and early childhood
b. Middle childhood
c. Adolescence
d. Early adulthood
17. Some children are more active than others, as everyone knows-extremely highlevels of activity or hyperactivity are considered problematic. How may a teacher help a child who is hyperactive?
a. Make him the leader of the class
b. Transfer him to another class
c. Give him challenging activities that are appropriate to his ability level and interests.
d. Allow him to spend longer at the playground until he gets tired.
18. Tessa gets jealous whenever she sees her father showing love and affection to her mother. Which of the following is she showing according to Freud?
a. Complex
b. Phallic
c. Electra Complex
d. Oedipus Complex
19. In Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, which of the following statements would illustrate Edward who is 11 years old?
a. Able to see relationships and to reason in the abstract.
b. Unable to breakdown a whole into separate parts.
c. Differentiates goals and goal-directed activities.
d. Experiments with methods to reach goals.
20. Trisha goes with her mother in school. She enjoys the workplace of her mother. Which of the following ecological theories is illustrated by the situation?
a. Microsystem
b. Mesosystem
c. Exosystem
d. Macrosystem
21. Lito, a student in secondary level tends to spend more time with his friends and his family, thus, his behavior is greatly affected by them. In which stage in the Psychosocial Stages of Development does Lito belong?
a. Autonomous vs Shame and Doubt
b. Identity vs. Role Confusion
c. Intimacy vs. Isolation
d. Initiative vs. Guilt
22. Anna believes that authority is respected. She is now in what particular level in moral development theory of Lawrence Kholberg?
a. Social contract
b. Law and order orientation
c. Interpersonal concordance
d. Universal ethics orientation
23. What level has a four year old learner like Maryann reached when she acquired new skills such as putting the same shapes and the same colors together?
a. Development
b. Maturation
c. Zone of Proximal Development
d. Learning
24. Which of the following principles can be the basis of the growing realization of the significance of the early childhood education?
a. The young children are capable of doing many things at an early stage.
b. The child should be seen and should learn.
c. The first five years of life are the formative years of the child.
d. Early childhood experiences can be interesting and challenging.
25. Which of the following learner's characteristics will affect most of the learners learning in the academic class?
a. His affective characteristics
b. His cognitive characteristics
c.His psychomotor characteristics
d. His socio-emotional characteristics
Answers: 1B 2A 3C 4D 5D 6A 7C 8A 9B 10B 11C 12D 13A 14B 15B 16B 17C 18C 19A 20C 21D 22A 23C 24B 25
A. Sigmund Freud
b. Erick Ericson
c. John Bowlly
d. Urie Bronfrenbenner
9. A newborn infant move his whole body at one time, instead of moving a part of it. Which of the following principles is illustrated by his behavior?
a. Development proceeds from specific to general.
b. Development proceeds from general to specific.
c. Development follows an orderly pattern.
d. Development follows a general pattern.
10. Train up a child in the way he should be; when he grows up, he will not depart from it. Which principle supports this?
a. Development is determined by his heredity
b. Development is determined by the environment
c. Early development is more critical than the late development
d. Early development is less critical than late development.
11. Which state of the psycho-sexual theory does young boys experience rivalry with their father for their mother's attention and affection?
a. Oral
b. Anal
c. Phallic
d. Latency
12. Angela focuses her attention on the school work and vigorous play that consume most of her physical energy. Which stage of psychosexual theory illustrates her behavior?
a. Oral
b. Anal
c. Phallic
d. Latency
13. Which of the following is likely to be developed if infants are shown genuine affection?
a. Trust
b. Autonomy
c. Initiative
d. Industry
14. Christian develops an integral and coherent sense of self. He seeks answers to the question. "Who am I"? Which of the following is Christian likely to develop?
a. Initiative
b. Identity and Role Confusion
c. Intimacy
d. Autonomy
15. Ms. Reyes uses images and language to represent and understand her various lessons to preschool learners. What stage in the cognitive theory of development explains this?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete operation
d. Formal operation
16. Connie develops concepts necessary for everyday living, builds healthy attitudes towards oneself, and achieve personal independence. These are among the attributes of an individual in what particular stage?
a. Infancy and early childhood
b. Middle childhood
c. Adolescence
d. Early adulthood
17. Some children are more active than others, as everyone knows-extremely highlevels of activity or hyperactivity are considered problematic. How may a teacher help a child who is hyperactive?
a. Make him the leader of the class
b. Transfer him to another class
c. Give him challenging activities that are appropriate to his ability level and interests.
d. Allow him to spend longer at the playground until he gets tired.
18. Tessa gets jealous whenever she sees her father showing love and affection to her mother. Which of the following is she showing according to Freud?
a. Complex
b. Phallic
c. Electra Complex
d. Oedipus Complex
19. In Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, which of the following statements would illustrate Edward who is 11 years old?
a. Able to see relationships and to reason in the abstract.
b. Unable to breakdown a whole into separate parts.
c. Differentiates goals and goal-directed activities.
d. Experiments with methods to reach goals.
20. Trisha goes with her mother in school. She enjoys the workplace of her mother. Which of the following ecological theories is illustrated by the situation?
a. Microsystem
b. Mesosystem
c. Exosystem
d. Macrosystem
21. Lito, a student in secondary level tends to spend more time with his friends and his family, thus, his behavior is greatly affected by them. In which stage in the Psychosocial Stages of Development does Lito belong?
a. Autonomous vs Shame and Doubt
b. Identity vs. Role Confusion
c. Intimacy vs. Isolation
d. Initiative vs. Guilt
22. Anna believes that authority is respected. She is now in what particular level in moral development theory of Lawrence Kholberg?
a. Social contract
b. Law and order orientation
c. Interpersonal concordance
d. Universal ethics orientation
23. What level has a four year old learner like Maryann reached when she acquired new skills such as putting the same shapes and the same colors together?
a. Development
b. Maturation
c. Zone of Proximal Development
d. Learning
24. Which of the following principles can be the basis of the growing realization of the significance of the early childhood education?
a. The young children are capable of doing many things at an early stage.
b. The child should be seen and should learn.
c. The first five years of life are the formative years of the child.
d. Early childhood experiences can be interesting and challenging.
25. Which of the following learner's characteristics will affect most of the learners learning in the academic class?
a. His affective characteristics
b. His cognitive characteristics
c.His psychomotor characteristics
d. His socio-emotional characteristics
Answers: 1B 2A 3C 4D 5D 6A 7C 8A 9B 10B 11C 12D 13A 14B 15B 16B 17C 18C 19A 20C 21D 22A 23C 24B 25
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS REVIEWER: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION PART II
1. Teacher A, a Values Education
teacher emphasizes ethics in almost all her lessons. Which of the following
emphasizes the same?
a. Liberal Education
b. Moral Education
c. Religious Training
d. Social Education
2. Which reform in the Philippine Educational System advocates the use of English and Filipino as media of instruction in specific learning areas?
a. Alternative Learning
b. Bilingual Education
c. K-12 Program
d. Multilingual Education
3. Activities planned by school clubs/ organizations show school-community connection geared towards society's needs. What philosophy is related to this?
a. Existentialism
b. Progressivism
c. Realism
d. Social reconstructionism
4. What philosophy is related to the practice of schools acting as laboratory for teaching reforms and experimentation?
a. Essentialism
b. Existentialism
c. Progressivism
d. Social Reconstructionism
5. Which of the following situations presents a value conflict?
a. The teacher and his students have class standing as their priorities.
b. The teacher and the administrator follow a set of criteria in giving grades.
c. The teacher has students whose parents want their children to obtain higher grades than what they are capable of getting.
d. The teacher sets high expectations for intelligent students such as getting higher grades.
6. Which situation shows that a sense of nationhood is exemplified?
a. The class conducted a debate using Filipino as medium
b. The class is required to watch the TV sitcom of Oprah to improve their English communication skills.
c. The class opted to make a choral rendition of the theme song of a foreign movie.
d. When Teacher Chris asked her Grade 2 students in what country they wish to live, most of them chose United States.
7. A teacher who believes in the progressivist theory of education would embrace certain reforms on methodology. Which reform would be consistent with this theory?
a. Active participation of teachers
b. Formal instructional pattern
c. Strict external discipline
d. Teacher domination of class activities
a. Liberal Education
b. Moral Education
c. Religious Training
d. Social Education
2. Which reform in the Philippine Educational System advocates the use of English and Filipino as media of instruction in specific learning areas?
a. Alternative Learning
b. Bilingual Education
c. K-12 Program
d. Multilingual Education
3. Activities planned by school clubs/ organizations show school-community connection geared towards society's needs. What philosophy is related to this?
a. Existentialism
b. Progressivism
c. Realism
d. Social reconstructionism
4. What philosophy is related to the practice of schools acting as laboratory for teaching reforms and experimentation?
a. Essentialism
b. Existentialism
c. Progressivism
d. Social Reconstructionism
5. Which of the following situations presents a value conflict?
a. The teacher and his students have class standing as their priorities.
b. The teacher and the administrator follow a set of criteria in giving grades.
c. The teacher has students whose parents want their children to obtain higher grades than what they are capable of getting.
d. The teacher sets high expectations for intelligent students such as getting higher grades.
6. Which situation shows that a sense of nationhood is exemplified?
a. The class conducted a debate using Filipino as medium
b. The class is required to watch the TV sitcom of Oprah to improve their English communication skills.
c. The class opted to make a choral rendition of the theme song of a foreign movie.
d. When Teacher Chris asked her Grade 2 students in what country they wish to live, most of them chose United States.
7. A teacher who believes in the progressivist theory of education would embrace certain reforms on methodology. Which reform would be consistent with this theory?
a. Active participation of teachers
b. Formal instructional pattern
c. Strict external discipline
d. Teacher domination of class activities
8. What philosophy of education
advocates that the curriculum should only include universal and unchanging
truths?
a. Essentialism
b. Idealism
c. Perennialism
d. Pragmatism
9. Which of the following is not a function of the school?
a. Changing cultural practices
b. Development of attitudes and skills
c. Reproduction of species
d. Socialization among children
10. Which move liberalized access to education during Spanish period?
a. The education of illiterate parents
b. The establishment of at least one primary school for boys and girls in each municipality
c.The hiring of tribal tutors to teach children
d.The provision of vocational training for school age children
11. Which of the following is the chief aim of Spanish education?
a. Conformity and militarism
b. Perpetuation of culture
c. Propagation of the Catholic religion
d. Utilitarianism and conformity
12. Which of the following is the aim of our education during the Commonwealth period?
a. Designed after Japanese education
b. Patterned after the American curriculum
c. Predominantly religious
d. Purely nationalistic and democratic
13. Which of the following is not a reason why the basic education curriculum has been restructured?
a. To become globally competitive during this industrial age
b. To be relevant and responsive to a rapidly changing world
c.To empower the Filipino learners for self- development throughout their life.
d. To help raise the achievement level of students
14. Which philosophy of education influence the singing of the National Anthem in schools?
a. Nationalism
b. Naturalism
c. Pragmatism
d. Socialism
15. Who among the following believes that learning requires disciplined attention, regular homework, and respect for legitimate authority?
a. Essentialist
b. Progressivist
c. Realist
d. Reconstructionist
16. Which of the following is the main function of the philosophy of education?
a. Reconsider existing educational goals in the light of society's needs
b. Provide the academic background prerequisite to learning
c. Define the goals and set the direction for which education is to strive
d. Aid the learner to build his own personal philosophy
17. Homeroom advisers always emphasize the importance of cleanliness of the body. Children are taught how to wash their hands before and after eating. What is this practice called?
a. Folkway
b. Laws
c. Mores
d. Social norm
18. Which curricular move served to strengthen spiritual and ethical values?
a. Integration of creative thinking in all subject
b. Introduction of Values education as a separate subject area
c. Reducing the number of subject areas into skill subject
d. Re-introducing science as a subject in Grade 1
19. The greatest happiness lies in the contemplative use of mind, said Plato. Which of the following activities adheres to this?
a. Cooperative learning
b. Instrospection
c. Role Playing
d. Social Interaction
20. Your teacher is of the opinion that the word and everything in it are ever changing and so teaches you the skill to cope with the changes. Which in his governing philosophy?
a. Experimentalism
b. Existentialism
c. Idealism
d. Realism
21. Teacher Myra says: "If it is billiard that brings students out of the classroom, let us bring it into the classroom. Perhaps, I can use it to teach Math". To which philosophy does teacher Myra adheres to?
a. Essentialism
b. Idealism
c. Progressivism
d. Reconstructionism
22. Which of the following should be done to build a sense of pride among Filipino youth?
a. Replace the study of folklores and myths with technical subjects
b. Re-study our history and stress on our achievements as people
c. Re-study our history from the perspective of our colonizers
d. Set aside the study of local history
23. A teacher who subscribes to the pragmatic philosophy of education believes that experience study should follow learning in her teaching. Which of the following does she do to support her belief?
a. Encouraging learners to memorize factual knowledge
b. Equipping learners with the basic abilities and skills
c. Providing learners opportunities to apply theories and principles
d. Requiring learners full master of the lesson.
24. Which philosophy influenced the cultivation of reflective and meditative skills in teaching?
a. Confucianism
b. Existentialism
c. Taoism
d. Zen Buddhism
25. Which of the following situation manifests a balance between teachers responsibility and accountability?
a. She entertains her students with personal stories until the end of the period.
b. She spends most of the time on the latest gossips in showbiz.
c. She teaches as much as she could for duration of the period.
d. She teaches as well as entertains the students with per personal stories.
Answers: 1B 2B 3D 4C 5C 6A 7A 8C 9C 10B 11C 12D 13D 14A 15A 16C 17D 18B 19B 20A 21C 22B 23C 24D 25C
a. Essentialism
b. Idealism
c. Perennialism
d. Pragmatism
9. Which of the following is not a function of the school?
a. Changing cultural practices
b. Development of attitudes and skills
c. Reproduction of species
d. Socialization among children
10. Which move liberalized access to education during Spanish period?
a. The education of illiterate parents
b. The establishment of at least one primary school for boys and girls in each municipality
c.The hiring of tribal tutors to teach children
d.The provision of vocational training for school age children
11. Which of the following is the chief aim of Spanish education?
a. Conformity and militarism
b. Perpetuation of culture
c. Propagation of the Catholic religion
d. Utilitarianism and conformity
12. Which of the following is the aim of our education during the Commonwealth period?
a. Designed after Japanese education
b. Patterned after the American curriculum
c. Predominantly religious
d. Purely nationalistic and democratic
13. Which of the following is not a reason why the basic education curriculum has been restructured?
a. To become globally competitive during this industrial age
b. To be relevant and responsive to a rapidly changing world
c.To empower the Filipino learners for self- development throughout their life.
d. To help raise the achievement level of students
14. Which philosophy of education influence the singing of the National Anthem in schools?
a. Nationalism
b. Naturalism
c. Pragmatism
d. Socialism
15. Who among the following believes that learning requires disciplined attention, regular homework, and respect for legitimate authority?
a. Essentialist
b. Progressivist
c. Realist
d. Reconstructionist
16. Which of the following is the main function of the philosophy of education?
a. Reconsider existing educational goals in the light of society's needs
b. Provide the academic background prerequisite to learning
c. Define the goals and set the direction for which education is to strive
d. Aid the learner to build his own personal philosophy
17. Homeroom advisers always emphasize the importance of cleanliness of the body. Children are taught how to wash their hands before and after eating. What is this practice called?
a. Folkway
b. Laws
c. Mores
d. Social norm
18. Which curricular move served to strengthen spiritual and ethical values?
a. Integration of creative thinking in all subject
b. Introduction of Values education as a separate subject area
c. Reducing the number of subject areas into skill subject
d. Re-introducing science as a subject in Grade 1
19. The greatest happiness lies in the contemplative use of mind, said Plato. Which of the following activities adheres to this?
a. Cooperative learning
b. Instrospection
c. Role Playing
d. Social Interaction
20. Your teacher is of the opinion that the word and everything in it are ever changing and so teaches you the skill to cope with the changes. Which in his governing philosophy?
a. Experimentalism
b. Existentialism
c. Idealism
d. Realism
21. Teacher Myra says: "If it is billiard that brings students out of the classroom, let us bring it into the classroom. Perhaps, I can use it to teach Math". To which philosophy does teacher Myra adheres to?
a. Essentialism
b. Idealism
c. Progressivism
d. Reconstructionism
22. Which of the following should be done to build a sense of pride among Filipino youth?
a. Replace the study of folklores and myths with technical subjects
b. Re-study our history and stress on our achievements as people
c. Re-study our history from the perspective of our colonizers
d. Set aside the study of local history
23. A teacher who subscribes to the pragmatic philosophy of education believes that experience study should follow learning in her teaching. Which of the following does she do to support her belief?
a. Encouraging learners to memorize factual knowledge
b. Equipping learners with the basic abilities and skills
c. Providing learners opportunities to apply theories and principles
d. Requiring learners full master of the lesson.
24. Which philosophy influenced the cultivation of reflective and meditative skills in teaching?
a. Confucianism
b. Existentialism
c. Taoism
d. Zen Buddhism
25. Which of the following situation manifests a balance between teachers responsibility and accountability?
a. She entertains her students with personal stories until the end of the period.
b. She spends most of the time on the latest gossips in showbiz.
c. She teaches as much as she could for duration of the period.
d. She teaches as well as entertains the students with per personal stories.
Answers: 1B 2B 3D 4C 5C 6A 7A 8C 9C 10B 11C 12D 13D 14A 15A 16C 17D 18B 19B 20A 21C 22B 23C 24D 25C
LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR TEACHERS REVIEWER: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION PART I
FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION
1. The Department of Education gives
greater emphasis on the development of basic skills. What is the philosophical
basis for this?
a. Essentialism
b. Existentialism
c. Perennialism
d. Pragmatism
a. Essentialism
b. Existentialism
c. Perennialism
d. Pragmatism
2. Teacher M views his students as unique, free-choosing and responsible individuals. All classroom activities revolve around the said premise. What theory underlies this?
a. Essentialism
b. Existentialism
c. Progressivism
d. Realism
3. Religious rituals in the classroom and in the school programs prove the deep natural religiosity of the Filipinos. Which philosophy has greatly contributed to the tradition?
a. Buddhism
b. Confucianism
c. Hinduism
d. Islam
4. In order to make Roman education truly utilitarian, how should the day-to-day lessons be taught?
a. Taught in the students' native dialect
b. Taught interestingly through the play way method
c. Related and linked to the events happening in everyday life
d. Practiced at home under the guidance of their respective parents.
5. Which influenced the military training requirements among students in the secondary and tertiary levels?
a. Chinese
b. Greeks
c. Orientals
d. Romans
6. Which philosophy has the educational objective to indoctrinate Filipinos to accept the teachings of the Catholic church which is foster faith in God?
a. Realism
b. Pragmatism
c. Idealism
d. Existentialism
7. Virtue as one component in the teaching of Rizal as a course focuses on the teaching of good and beauty consistent with the good and beauty in God. What philosophy supports this?
a. Existentialism
b. Idealism
c. Progressivism
d. Social Reconstructionism
8. Giving education the highest
budgetary allocation, the Philippine government recognizes the possible
contribution of its future citizens to the national development goals of the
Philippine society. Which stressed this goal of education for social
transformation?
a. Athenian education
b. Followers of Christ
c. Greek education
d. Roman education
9. The progressivists emphasized the individuality of the child. What is the concern of the reconstructionists?
a. Experiential learning
b. Socialization
c. Social problem
10. One of the following quotations does not conform to the Christian doctrine of Education for Humanitarianism. Which one is it?
a. Do unto others as you would like others do unto you
b. Love they neighbor as thyself
c. Not on bread alone is man to live but on every utterance that comes from mouth of God
d. Whatever good things we do to our poor, helpless brothers, we do it for God.
11. Scouting and Citizen's Army Training (CAT) give training in character-building, citizenship training, etc. Which leads to the creation of a new social order and a new society eventually. What philosophy supports this?
a. Existentialism
b. Perennialism
c. Progressivism
d. Social reconstructionism
12. Teacher V demonstrated the technique on how to group students according to their needs and interests and how to use self-paced instructional materials. Which philosophy is manifested in this activity?
a. Essentialism
b. Progressivism
c. Realism
d. Social Reconstructionism
13. Teacher G, a Christian Living teacher, puts so much significance on values development and discipline. What could be her educational philosophy?
a. Idealism
b. Pragmatism
c. Progressivism
d. Realism
14. Which one does not illustrate the principle that rights and duties are correlative?
a. The right of an unmarried pregnant teacher to abort her baby in relation to her duty to protect her name and her job as a teacher
b. The right of a state to compel students to military service is reciprocated by the duty of the state to protect them.
c. The right to a living wage involves the duty of the school administrators to give the salary agreed upon and the duty of the teachers to give a fair amount of work.
d. The right to life of children and to be given respect of such right.
15. Why should a teacher take the obligation upon himself to study and understand the custom and traditions of the community where he works?
a. To change the culture of the community.
b. To have a sympathetic attitude for the people of the community.
c. To identify the weaknesses of the culture of the community.
d. To please the people of the community.
16. A teacher who is a recognized expert in carpentry works, taught his students how to prepare and construct good and aesthetic furniture from local resources. What cultural transmission process is this?
a. Acculturation
b. Enculturation
c. Indoctrination
d.Observation
17. Every first day of the school year, Miss Reyes prepared activities which will make her Grade 2 children, sing, plan, learn and introduce themselves to the class. What process did the teacher emphasize?
a. Acculturation
b. Enculturation
c. Indoctrination
d. Socialization
18. Which program in the educational system seems to be aligned to the Christian humanitarian principle respect for the human personality?
a. The alternative learning system delivery
b. The functional literacy program for the out-of-school youth and adults
c. The promotion of the basic human rights of the Filipino
d.The study of the Philippine Constitution
19. With a death threat over his head, Teacher Liza is directed to pass an undeserving student, if she is a hedonist, which of the following will she do?
a. Don't pass him, live her principle of justice. She will get reward, if not in this life, in the next.
b. Don't pass him. She surely will not like someone to give you a death threat in order to pass.
c. Pass the student. That will be of use to her, the student and his parents.
d. Pass the student. Why suffer the threat?
20. Which philosophy approves a teacher who lectures most of the time and requires his students to memorize the rules of grammar?
a. Existentialism
b. Idealism
c. Pragmatism
d. Realism
21. In a student conducted, the pupils were asked which nationality they would prefer if given a choice. Majority of the pupils wanted to be Americans. In this case, in which obligation relative to the state are schools seemed to be failing?
a. Instill allegiance to the constitutional authorities
b. Promote national pride
c. Promote obedience to the laws of the state
d. Respect for all duly constituted authorities.
22. Which subject in the elementary and likewise in the secondary schools are similar to the goal of Rome to train the students for citizenship?
a. Communication ARts
b. MAPEH/PEHMS
c. Science
d. THE/TLE
23. Which of the following schools practices is not based on Social Reconstructionism?
a. Establishment of SDF
b. Exemption of Scouts from CAT
c. Promoting culture and arts in schools
d. Promoting project WOW
24.Which of the following is the focus of the Japanese education in the Philippines?
a. Democratic ideals and nationalism
b. Love and service to one's country
c. Religion and love for Asian brothers
d. Vocational and health education
25. According to reconstructionism, the goal of education is to bring about a new social order. Which practice best manifests this view?
a. The class conducts scientific experiments to discover or verify concepts.
b. The class discusses role models and their impact on society.
c. The class allowed to engage in divergent thinking.
d. The class undertakes well-planned projects in the community.
Answers: 1A 2B 3B 4C 5D 6C 7B 8D 9C 10C 11D 12B 13A 14A 15B 16B 17D 18C 19D 20B 21B 22D 23C 24D 25D
a. Athenian education
b. Followers of Christ
c. Greek education
d. Roman education
9. The progressivists emphasized the individuality of the child. What is the concern of the reconstructionists?
a. Experiential learning
b. Socialization
c. Social problem
10. One of the following quotations does not conform to the Christian doctrine of Education for Humanitarianism. Which one is it?
a. Do unto others as you would like others do unto you
b. Love they neighbor as thyself
c. Not on bread alone is man to live but on every utterance that comes from mouth of God
d. Whatever good things we do to our poor, helpless brothers, we do it for God.
11. Scouting and Citizen's Army Training (CAT) give training in character-building, citizenship training, etc. Which leads to the creation of a new social order and a new society eventually. What philosophy supports this?
a. Existentialism
b. Perennialism
c. Progressivism
d. Social reconstructionism
12. Teacher V demonstrated the technique on how to group students according to their needs and interests and how to use self-paced instructional materials. Which philosophy is manifested in this activity?
a. Essentialism
b. Progressivism
c. Realism
d. Social Reconstructionism
13. Teacher G, a Christian Living teacher, puts so much significance on values development and discipline. What could be her educational philosophy?
a. Idealism
b. Pragmatism
c. Progressivism
d. Realism
14. Which one does not illustrate the principle that rights and duties are correlative?
a. The right of an unmarried pregnant teacher to abort her baby in relation to her duty to protect her name and her job as a teacher
b. The right of a state to compel students to military service is reciprocated by the duty of the state to protect them.
c. The right to a living wage involves the duty of the school administrators to give the salary agreed upon and the duty of the teachers to give a fair amount of work.
d. The right to life of children and to be given respect of such right.
15. Why should a teacher take the obligation upon himself to study and understand the custom and traditions of the community where he works?
a. To change the culture of the community.
b. To have a sympathetic attitude for the people of the community.
c. To identify the weaknesses of the culture of the community.
d. To please the people of the community.
16. A teacher who is a recognized expert in carpentry works, taught his students how to prepare and construct good and aesthetic furniture from local resources. What cultural transmission process is this?
a. Acculturation
b. Enculturation
c. Indoctrination
d.Observation
17. Every first day of the school year, Miss Reyes prepared activities which will make her Grade 2 children, sing, plan, learn and introduce themselves to the class. What process did the teacher emphasize?
a. Acculturation
b. Enculturation
c. Indoctrination
d. Socialization
18. Which program in the educational system seems to be aligned to the Christian humanitarian principle respect for the human personality?
a. The alternative learning system delivery
b. The functional literacy program for the out-of-school youth and adults
c. The promotion of the basic human rights of the Filipino
d.The study of the Philippine Constitution
19. With a death threat over his head, Teacher Liza is directed to pass an undeserving student, if she is a hedonist, which of the following will she do?
a. Don't pass him, live her principle of justice. She will get reward, if not in this life, in the next.
b. Don't pass him. She surely will not like someone to give you a death threat in order to pass.
c. Pass the student. That will be of use to her, the student and his parents.
d. Pass the student. Why suffer the threat?
20. Which philosophy approves a teacher who lectures most of the time and requires his students to memorize the rules of grammar?
a. Existentialism
b. Idealism
c. Pragmatism
d. Realism
21. In a student conducted, the pupils were asked which nationality they would prefer if given a choice. Majority of the pupils wanted to be Americans. In this case, in which obligation relative to the state are schools seemed to be failing?
a. Instill allegiance to the constitutional authorities
b. Promote national pride
c. Promote obedience to the laws of the state
d. Respect for all duly constituted authorities.
22. Which subject in the elementary and likewise in the secondary schools are similar to the goal of Rome to train the students for citizenship?
a. Communication ARts
b. MAPEH/PEHMS
c. Science
d. THE/TLE
23. Which of the following schools practices is not based on Social Reconstructionism?
a. Establishment of SDF
b. Exemption of Scouts from CAT
c. Promoting culture and arts in schools
d. Promoting project WOW
24.Which of the following is the focus of the Japanese education in the Philippines?
a. Democratic ideals and nationalism
b. Love and service to one's country
c. Religion and love for Asian brothers
d. Vocational and health education
25. According to reconstructionism, the goal of education is to bring about a new social order. Which practice best manifests this view?
a. The class conducts scientific experiments to discover or verify concepts.
b. The class discusses role models and their impact on society.
c. The class allowed to engage in divergent thinking.
d. The class undertakes well-planned projects in the community.
Answers: 1A 2B 3B 4C 5D 6C 7B 8D 9C 10C 11D 12B 13A 14A 15B 16B 17D 18C 19D 20B 21B 22D 23C 24D 25D